Rollback segments store original (or before-image) copies of database blocks that have been changed, but not committed. Rollback segments contain the information that must be restored if a ROLLBACK command is issued.
The configuration of your rollback segments can have an important effect on the performance of your database, especially for transactions that modify data. Any operation that modifies data in the database must create entries in a rollback segment. Queries that read data that has been modified by uncommitted transactions also need to access data within the rollback segments.
Poorly-tuned rollback segments can have the following consequences:
As well as these performance-related problems, poorly-tuned rollback segments can lead to transaction failure (failure to extend rollback segment), or query failure (snapshot too old).
The following guidelines serve as a starting point for rollback segment configuration for a transaction-processing environment:
It is very difficult to determine the optimal setting for rollback segments by theory alone. Rollback segments should be carefully observed and storage adjusted as required.
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