What is a challenge response credential compared to a username and password? (4369272)

What is a challenge response credential compared to a username and password?

In the Foglight credentials area, what is the difference between a User Name and Password and a Challenge Response (C/R) credential?

Password an authentication method. It takes a username and password, and then verifies them.

Username:
Password:

Challenge-response allows underlying modules (like PAM) to provide custom prompts that sshd will show to the end user. Used for SSH keyboard-interactive authentication (e.g. KbdInteractiveAuthentication, ChallengeResponseAuthentication).
Custom prompts can only be seen when using C/R.

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By default when creating a database agent and adding OS monitoring, the wizard will create both a User Name and Password credential and a Challenge Response credential. The challenge itself will just be "Password:".