Are identifying relationships synonymous with Parent-Child relationships? (4274791)

Are Identifying Relationships synonymous with Parent-Child relationships?

Not necessarily.
A parent child relationship can exist in Non-Identifying Relationships.
Identifying relationships basically means that the foreign key in the child table is part of its primary key.
Any records in the child table cannot exist on their own without a record in the parent table.
In most of the database designs, non-identifying relationships are used and the child table has a primary key independent of the parent table.

Here is a link to a good article that describes the differences and has examples:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11108846/which-is-the-child-table-in-a-identifying-or-non-identifying-relationship?rq=1