Where is Instance Configuration stored and how can it be updated? (4220425)

Is the instance configuration stored in the central repository? Specifically, how often each server sends updates (automatically versus an update job)?

Can we change the instance configurations remotely via xp/sp/query instead of RDP'ing into each instance and changing the settings in the Instance Configuration utility?

N/A

"Instance Configuration" settings are not stored in central repository. 
The program will create store procedures, dlls and exe in Microsoft bin directory and registry keys and configure the Local and Central Repository. 

It is calling the SLSInstaller.exe using the following command:
"C:Program FilesQuest SoftwareLiteSpeedSQL ServerEngineSLSInstaller.exe" "C:Program FilesQuest SoftwareLiteSpeedSQL Server" 2 0

You may create a batch file with XML file. The command issued: The XML file is the one for silent install.
"C:Program FilesImcedaLiteSpeedSQL ServerEngineSLSInstaller.exe" "C:Program FilesImcedaLiteSpeedSQL Server" 0 1 "E:ReadySLS_test.xml"

Using sadeploy.exe, you would be able to deploy it remotely.

For additional information for client only installation, see: https://support.quest.com/SUPPORT/index?page=solution&id=SOL32421&pmv=true