Foglight Agent Manager 7.1.0 - Foglight Agent Manager Guide

About the cross-realm negotiate authentication behavior

Cross-realm or cross-domain is the mechanism of using WinRM Negotiate authentication to establish a connection to a machine in a different domain. There are also some differences here between behavior when the Agent Manager uses Java 6 and Java 7.

Enable DNS reverse lookup

DNS reverse lookup is the querying technique of the Domain Name System (DNS) to determine the domain name associated with an IP address – the reverse of the usual “forward” DNS lookup of an IP address from a domain name. The process of reverse resolving of an IP address uses PTR records.

The Enable DNS Reverse Lookup switch is under Dashboards > Administration > Agents > Agent Properties > FglAM > FglAMadapter.

The Basic authentication mechanism simply provides HTTP headers to the remote machine, to provide the credentials that should be used for authentication. There is no use of a configuration file or a KDC. The mechanism provides no protection for the transmitted credentials, since they are simply encoded in base64 and not encrypted or hashed. To address any security concerns, it is recommended that Basic authentication attempts are made over an HTTPS and not HTTP connection. Since the KDC is not involved in the authentication process, the credentials used for Basic authentication must be local user credentials, such as local user credentials for the remote machine, and not domain user credentials.

When the remote machine is contacted, the remote machine responds indicating that Basic authentication needs to be used by the client. The client side then base64-encodes the user name and password and sends an HTTP request with an HTTP header containing the base64-encoded result to the remote machine, which then validates the provided credential.

Since local user credentials are used, and a KDC is not needed, the domain the host is on is irrelevant for Basic authentication.

About WinRM authentication and the Agent Manager

The Agent Manager supports Basic and Negotiate WinRM authentication schemes with Windows credentials. The Negotiate authentication scheme is enabled by default in WinRM and is the recommended way to authenticate in most environments.

In order to establish connections over Windows® Remote Management (WinRM), you must provide a Windows credential. For more information, see Configuring credentials.

The Negotiate authentication scheme requires fully-qualified domain accounts. For example, instead of using the NetBIOS domain, the Windows credential should be configured with the fully qualified domain.

NOTE: When running in FIPS-compliant mode, the password for the account must be at least 14 characters (112 bits).

The Basic authentication scheme requires local Administrator accounts; you cannot use domain accounts. For more information, see Promoting remote users to administrators on local machines through the Domain Controller. Basic authentication is insecure because it transmits user names and passwords in an easily decoded string, and therefore it should not be used on an untrusted network. If Basic authentication is required, and security is a concern, configure the target system to accept only HTTPS traffic. For more information, see Manually configuring WinRM HTTPS access. If Basic authentication is not acceptable in your environment because of some specific security concerns, it can always be disabled.

Basic and Negotiate authentication schemes are not mutually exclusive when it comes to their configuration. The remote system can be enabled to use both authentication schemes, given a specific order of preference. For example, a remote machine can be configured to first attempt the Negotiate authentication, and it fails, to subsequently try the Basic authentication. Therefore, if you enable Basic authentication, there is no need to disable Negotiate authentication requests, and the other way around. However, you can disable either scheme, as required.

In general, if Basic authentication is not suitable, it should be disabled. If both Negotiate and Basic authentication are enabled, and Negotiate fails, Basic authentication is still attempted, and the credentials are transmitted in an easily decoded string. Because of different credential requirements for Negotiate (a domain user credential) and Basic (a local administrator credential), a credential only applies to one authentication type. Therefore a general recommendation is that if Basic authentication is required, Negotiate authentication does not have to be disabled. But if Negotiate authentication is needed, best practice is to disable Basic authentication requests.

You can also use Windows Group Policy Objects to automatically configure HTTP or HTTPS listeners in WinRM. For more information, see Using Group Policy Objects to configure WinRM.

You can also use the Enable WinRM authentication based on only Basic or Negotiate type switch in the FglAMAdapter Properties view to decide which WinRM authentication scheme will be used.

IMPORTANT: For WinRM connections on Windows Vista, Service Pack 1 (SP1) or later must be installed.

Configuring the target (monitored) system

Recent versions of Windows® OS include WinRM, but it is disabled by default. There are two ways to configure HTTP or HTTPS: manually or using Group Policy Objects.

IMPORTANT: Payload-level encryption encrypts only the contents of the messages that are exchanged between the Agent Manager and the monitored system. It does not affect the security of any credentials passed between the target system and the Agent Manager. If you require full encryption, configure the WinRM server to use HTTPS. HTTPS safely and securely encrypts all data transmitted between the Agent Manager and the monitored system.

The default WinRM settings allow only Negotiate authentication.

NOTE: You can enable Basic authentication without disabling Negotiate authentication. Some systems can have both Negotiate and Basic authentication enabled, in that order of preference. If Negotiate authentication fails, a Basic authentication request is attempted.

TIP: To enable or disable either Basic or Negotiate authentication, use the following command syntax: winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{<Basic|Negotiate>="<true|false>"}

If additional security is required, for example if data is transferred across untrusted networks, you can configure WinRM to use HTTPS. A valid server authentication certificate must be installed on the target machine in order to enable HTTPS.

NOTE: You cannot use self-signed certificates. NOTE: The target machine is required to enable TLSv1.2 when it is monitored via WinRM HTTPS in FIPS-compliant mode.

The certificate must be granted by a recognized certificate-granting authority (CA) in order for the Agent Manager to authenticate it. Otherwise you must install the root CA certificate in the Agent Manager’s trusted keystore, as described in Installing HTTPS certificates.

TIP: Install the certificates in the following location: Certificates (Local computer)/Personal/Certificates

You can use Windows Group Policy Objects to automatically configure HTTP or HTTPS listeners in WinRM. Enable or disable the appropriate default group policies that are pre-installed with Windows, or use the defaults as a template to develop new policies.

In environments where an in-house certificate granting authority (CA) is in use, the CA’s certificate must be added to the Agent Manager’s trust keystore. The Agent Manager then assumes that the authority, and any signed certificates it issues, are trusted.