To check for errors on the device, the Mac Console is very helpful.
Open the Console and type processing server req and that has listed all the commands that have been issued to the machine as showed in the image below.
For more information, change the search term to mdm and this will list everything including any client or server errors.
The built-in "profiles" binary in macOS allows for some validation and checking should there be any DEP (Device Enrollment Program) enrolment issues. To show the configuration for the current device, enter the following command in a Mac terminal.
sudo profiles show -type enrollment
This should then list the information Apple sends the device during DEP including the screens the device is told to skip during DEP.
There is also a command to validate the device's current enrollment against what is in DEP. To see this display, run the following command in the terminal.
sudo profiles validate -type enrollment