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Recovery Manager for AD Disaster Recovery Edition 10.3.2 - User Guide

Overview Getting started
Permissions required to use Recovery Manager for Active Directory Recovery Manager Console Getting and using help Configuring Windows Firewall Using Computer Collections Cloud Storage Secure Storage Server Hybrid Recovery with On Demand Recovery Managing Recovery Manager for Active Directory configuration Licensing
Backing up data
Permissions required for the Backup operation Managing Backup Agent Using a least-privileged user account to back up data Using Managed Service Accounts Active Directory backups vs Windows System State backups Creating BMR and Active Directory backups Using the Backup Wizard Retrying backup creation Enabling backup encryption Backing up AD LDS (ADAM) Backing up cross-domain group membership Backing up distributed file system (DFS) data Backup scheduling Setting performance options Setting advanced backup options Using Forest Recovery Agent Unpacking backups Using e-mail notification Viewing backup creation results
Restoring data
Getting started with Active Directory recovery Managing deleted or recycled objects Restoring backed up Active Directory components Integration with Change Auditor for Active Directory Using granular online restore Restoring AD LDS (ADAM) Selectively restoring Active Directory object attributes Restoring objects in an application directory partition Restoring object quotas Restoring cross-domain group membership Performing a restore without having administrator privileges Reports about objects and operations Using complete offline restore Offline restore implications Restoring SYSVOL authoritatively Performing a granular restore of SYSVOL Recovering Group Policy Restoring data from third-party backups Using the Extract Wizard Restoring passwords and SID history
Full Replication Consolidating backup registration data Recovering an Active Directory forest
Forest recovery overview Deploying Recovery Manager for Active Directory Forest Edition (Disaster Recovery Edition) Permissions required to use Forest Recovery Console Forest Recovery Console Managing a recovery project Recovery methods Phased recovery Managing Forest Recovery Agent Rebooting domain controllers manually Resetting DSRM Administrator Password Purging Kerberos Tickets Managing the Global Catalog servers Managing FSMO roles Manage DNS Client Settings Configuring Windows Firewall Developing a custom forest recovery plan Backing up domain controllers Assigning a preferred DNS server during recovery Handling DNS servers during recovery Forest recovery approaches Deciding which backups to use Running custom scripts while recovering a forest Overview of steps to recover a forest Viewing forest recovery progress Viewing recovery plan Viewing a report about forest recovery or verify settings operation Handling failed domain controllers Adding a domain controller to a running recovery operation Selectively recovering domains in a forest Recovering SYSVOL Deleting domains during recovery Resuming an interrupted forest recovery Recovering read-only domain controllers (RODCs) Checking forest health Collecting diagnostic data for technical support
Restore Active Directory on Installed Active Directory method Restore Active Directory on Clean OS method Bare metal forest recovery Using Management Shell Appendices
Frequently asked questions Best practices for using Computer Collections Technical characteristics Best practices for creating backups Best practices for creating backups for forest recovery Best practices for recovering a forest Descriptions of recovery or verification steps Ports Used by Recovery Manager for Active Directory Forest Edition (Disaster Recovery Edition) Backup Wizard Online Restore Wizard Online Restore Wizard for AD LDS (ADAM) Group Policy Restore Wizard Repair Wizard Extract Wizard Events generated by Recovery Manager for Active Directory

Handling DNS servers during recovery

Active Directory® is tightly coupled with the DNS service. Each domain controller registers and constantly updates several Resource Records (RRs) in the DNS service. Each different type of domain controllers registers a separate set of RRs. During the forest recovery process, these records are adjusted by the Forest Recovery Console.

When you configure a Forest Recovery project, keep the DNS infrastructure in mind. From Forest recovery standpoint, there are two types of DNS infrastructure: Active Directory-integrated DNS (AD-integrated DNS) service and external DNS service. Forest Recovery Console automatically detects DNS service type.

In case where an external DNS service is used, any inter domain DNS relations are out of the Forest Recovery Console scope and are not adjusted by the forest recovery process. The process will update all resource records corresponding to recovered domain controllers and remove resource records of not recovered DCs. It is recommended to use same external DNS server address as Preferred DNS server for all domain controllers in project. For details, see Assigning a Preferred DNS server during recovery.

In case of Active Directory-integrated DNS (AD-integrated DNS), ensure that at least one DNS server per zone is restored from backup. The best practice is to restore as many DNS servers as possible from backup.

Forest Recovery Console analyzes the backup data and detects which domain controller was a DNS server and which DNS zones it hosted. During the recovery process any delegations or a conditional forwarder(s) between DNS zones stored in different domains are detected and all these links are restored according IP addresses of restored domain controllers. This is performed during the Configure DNS server step. If a domain is removed from the restored forest, its relation links are removed as well.

Forest Recovery Console elects one DNS server per each DNS zone as the Primary DNS server for that zone. The decision is based on usages of this DNS server in DNS client settings on original and restored domain controllers. Relation links between zones are restored on the Primary DNS servers.

For AD-integrated DNS it is recommended to use Select DNS server automatically option as Preferred DNS server for all domain controllers in project. For details, see Assigning a Preferred DNS server during recovery. The Primary DNS server IP address is assigned to domain controller DNS client settings depends on the forest root DNS zones replication scope. When a forest root zone has forest replication scope set, then the forest root domain Primary DNS server is selected, otherwise the Primary DNS server of the domain is selected. After the recovery completes, the user can use Managing DNS Client Settings tool to reassign the DNS server IP for any restored domain controller.

When the forest recovery project contains several DCs with IP addresses other than the addresses they originally had (re-IPing technique), then its host RRs are adjusted according to its new IP addresses.

  • For a DC with the "Reinstall Active Directory" recovery method, if the DC was an AD-integrated DNS server, it will remain as the DNS server after the reinstall.

  • For a DC with the "Install Active Directory" recovery method, user can use Install DNS server on the domain controller.

  • For DNS servers that have not been restored, its RRs associated with the DNS server are removed. The following RRs are removed where Z is the forest FQDN, X is the domain default NC FQDN, Y is the site name.
Name RR Type
ForestDnsZones.Z A, AAAA
_ldap._tcp.ForestDnsZones.Z SRV
_ldap._tcp.Y._sites.ForestDnsZones.Z SRV
_msdcs.Z NS
DomainDnsZones.X A, AAAA
_ldap._tcp.DomainDnsZones.X SRV
_ldap._tcp.Y._sites.DomainDnsZones.X SRV
X NS
  • If the forest recovery project contains a DC which is not restored, its RRs are removed from DNS. This is performed during the Clean up DNS records of removed domain controllers step. Note that if some DCs were excluded from the forest recovery process, but still running, and the DNS server accepts non-secure dynamic updates, then such DCs can still register its SRV records. The following RRs are removed where Z is the forest FQDN, X is the default NC FQDN, Y is the site name and G is the NC X's GUID.
Name RR Type DC Type
X A, AAAA RWDC
_ldap._tcp.X SRV RWDC
_ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.X SRV RWDC
_ldap._tcp.G.domains._msdcs.Z SRV RWDC
_kerberos._tcp.X SRV RWDC
_kerberos._udp.X SRV RWDC
_kerberos._tcp.dc._msdcs.X SRV RWDC
_kpasswd._tcp.X SRV RWDC
_kpasswd._udp.X SRV RWDC
_ldap._tcp.pdc._msdcs.X SRV PDC
_ldap._tcp.Y._sites.X SRV RWDC, RODC
_ldap._tcp.Y._sites.dc._msdcs.X SRV RWDC, RODC
_kerberos._tcp.Y._sites.X SRV RWDC, RODC
_kerberos._tcp.Y._sites.dc._msdcs.X SRV RWDC, RODC
gc._msdcs.Z A, AAAA RWDC GC
_ldap._tcp.gc._msdcs.Z SRV RWDC GC
_gc._tcp.Z SRV RWDC GC
_ldap._tcp.Yi._sites.gc._msdcs.Z SRV RWDC GC, RODC GC
_gc._tcp.Yi._sites.Z SRV RWDC GC, RODC GC

 

Forest recovery approaches

Before you choose one of the recovery approaches described in this section, it is strongly recommended that you read Microsoft’s best-practice paper, Active Directory Forest Recovery Guide.

This section covers the following:

 

Recovery approach 1: Restore as many domain controllers from backups as possible

To use this approach, you must have recent and trusted backups for as many domain controllers as possible in each domain in the forest. These backups must be created at a similar point in time to mitigate the risk of discrepancy after the forest is recovered.

At a high level, Approach 1 includes the following stages:

  1. Recovery Manager for Active Directory restores as many domain controllers as possible in each domain from the recent and trusted backups you specify. The more domain controllers you restore from backups, the faster the forest recovery operation completes.

  2. Recovery Manager for Active Directory uses Microsoft tools (Dcpromo.exe or the Uninstall-ADDSDomainController and Install-ADDSDomainController cmdlets) to automatically reinstall Active Directory on the domain controllers for which no backups are available.

  3. The domain controllers where Active Directory was reinstalled replicate AD data from the domain controllers restored from reliable backups.

Approach 1 has the following advantages and limitations:

Advantages

  • Fast recovery of the entire forest. Since most domain controllers are simultaneously restored from backups, the forest recovery operation completes faster than in Approach 2.

  • Stability of the forest recovery process. Owing to the large number of backups used, the entire forest is recovered even if the restore of some domain controllers fails.

  • This approach allows you to retain the original forest infrastructure. Since many domain controllers are restored from backups, the recovered forest is close to its original pre-failure condition.

Limitations
  • The risk of reintroducing corrupted or unwanted data is higher than in Approach 2. Because of the large number of backups used in this Approach, there is no guarantee that corrupted or unwanted data from the backups will not be reintroduced into the recovered forest.

For a step-by-step procedure on how to perform a forest recovery, Overview of steps to recover a forest

 

Recovery approach 2: Restore one domain controller from backup in each domain

This recovery approach is recommended by Microsoft® in the Planning for Active Directory Forest Recovery paper. To use this approach, you must have a recent and trusted backup for one domain controller in each domain in the forest. These backups must be created at a similar point in time to mitigate the risk of discrepancy after the forest is recovered.

At a high level, recovering a forest using this approach includes the following stages:

  1. Recovery Manager for Active Directory restores one domain controller in each domain from the recent and trusted backup you specify.

  2. Recovery Manager for Active Directory uses Microsoft® tools (Dcpromo.exe or the Uninstall-ADDSDomainController and Install-ADDSDomainController cmdlets) to automatically reinstall Active Directory® on the domain controllers for which no backups are available.

  3. The domain controllers on which Active Directory was reinstalled replicate Active Directory data from the domain controllers restored from reliable backups.

Approach 2 has the following advantages and limitations.

Advantages

  • Recommended by Microsoft. This recovery approach is recommended in the Microsoft’s best practice paper, Planning for Active Directory Forest Recovery.

  • Safer, healthier recovery as compared to Approach 1. The limited number of backups used in Approach 2 (one backup per each domain) allows you to check them all to make sure they do not include any corrupted or unwanted data.

Limitations

  • Forest recovery may require significant time to complete. Approach 2 requires more time to complete than Approach 1.

  • Recovery of entire domain depends on a successful restore of a single domain controller. A successful restore of one domain controller from backup is required before Active Directory can be reinstalled on all other domain controllers in the domain.

  • The original forest infrastructure is not retained. Because Active Directory is reinstalled on most domain controllers in the forest, the forest infrastructure cannot be restored to its exact pre-failure state.

For a step-by-step procedure on how to perform a forest recovery, Overview of steps to recover a forest

 

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