The following series of images present an example from a Foglight test server.
Historical queries collected for the past seven days by SQL PI can be viewed here:

The following query was then used to show the current space used in TempDB:

A script is executed in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to fill the TempDB

If the TempDB is checked, it is not full

An alarm is fired to confirm that the TempDB is full

When SQL PI is accessed, users can see that the query that was run against the TempDB. Top SQL statements are collected by SQL PI every second, so the queries should be collected up to the time when TempDB failed.

The TempDB dashboard shows the Data File Size increasing as the database is filling

The Tables and Index panel current data after the TempDB is filled shows which table has using the space of the TempDB.
