What is the differences between Toad for Oracle and SQL Plus vs. Aqua Data studio when connecting to a database?
To connect to a database using SQL Plus, one needs a full client (all versions) or an instant client (10g and higher).
Toad and SQL Plus uses the OCI (Oracle Call Interface) the come with the Oracle client installation to connect to the database and send information back and forth.
Toad for Oracle and SQL Plus should behave the same in testing.
As for Aqua Data Studio, it does not use the OCI method, it uses the JDBC Driver.
The link to this info, http://docs.aquafold.com/ads/9.0/F2A7423C-D740-9472-7FEB-46856150CB3E.html
Aqua Data Studio uses JDBC drivers to make database connections to the appropriate database. By default, Aqua Data Studio comes packaged with an appropriate JDBC driver for all supported databases except Teradata and DB2 z/OS (these may be downloaded directly from the vendor). The included drivers work for most database versions and setups. In specific configurations you may be required to update the JDBC driver in your Aqua Data Studio installation with the latest driver from the database vendor. Below is a list of databases, the corresponding issues that may arise and the appropriate action to take to resolve the issue.