"Unable to connect to Exchange organization" or "Invald Value for Registry" task error. (4238231)

After clicking Connect in the New Exchange Organization Connection wizard or trying to Regather Structure, the following is displayed:

"Unable to connect to Exchange organization"
"The Exchange organization enumeration task failed"
With no logs shown

Trying to validate the Connection Server Properties fails with: "The Exchange validation task failed"
With no logs shown

All Tasks are failing and there is no option to show the logs.

Additionaly, errors similar to the following may be logged in the Windows System Event log:

"The launch and activation security descriptor for the COM Server application with APPID {23A31EF1-51AC-45EF-9A42-AF4D2DCF6B8D} is invalid. It contains Access Control Entries with permissions that are invalid. The requested action was therefore not performed. This security permission can be corrected using the Component Services administrative tool"

OR

"DCOM got error "1326" and was unable to logon <MessageStatsServiceAccount>" 

OR

Event ID 10022 in the Application Log

"The application-specific permission settings do not grant Local Activation permission for the COM Server application with CLSID
{23A31EF1-51AC-45EF-9A42-AF4D2DCF6B8D} and APPID {23A31EF1-51AC-45EF-9A42-AF4D2DCF6B8D}
to the user <Domain\accountname> SID <(accountSID)> from address LocalHost (Using LRPC). This security permission can be modified using the Component Services administrative tool"

or

When trying to connect to a Domino Domain you will get the error.

Failed to connect to the Domino Domain and when you select the show log button you get An errror occurred while attempting to display the log file [Unable to find the specified file.].

or