Foglight Service fails to start up: "UPDATE permission was denied" (4313934)

When attempting to start up the Foglight Management Server (FMS), it fails to completely start up. When looking through the Management Server log files, the following is populated:

The UPDATE permission was denied on the object 'topology_service_state', database 'foglight', schema 'dbo'.
 

The 'foglight' user does not have enough permissions in order to start. Ensure the 'foglight' DB user, or whichever user is being used, has the correct privileges, for example sysadmin privileges. If the user has, for example, a public role privilege, this will prevent the FMS from starting up.