There are different causes for this behavior:
1) If "Replicate changed files (default)" status in the Desktop Authority console is yellow then changes must be replicated, clicking the "Replicate changed files (default)" and clicking "Yes" if prompted to confirm, will update the files in the domain controller selected as replicate target (word "yes" appears under replicate column).
2) All files under "User Management Replication" status must be green, if the status is "Files not synchronized" then a synchronization is still pending by the File Replication Service. Refer to article: Replication process description and common replication issues (SL4303)
3) Validation Logic settings and rules must be checked to confirm the user or computer matches the sentences for the element? Refer to article How Validation Logic works and tips for configuration (SL4232) for more information.
To confirm if element was applied to computer the trace file must be checked, it is located at C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Temp\Desktop Authority\SLTrace.htm and under the desired element section the applied elements can be confirmed, if line reads 0/1, for instance, it means there is one element in profile but it was not validated. For more information on how to enable the trace file please read article How to enable User - Computer Management trace file (SL4192).