A common reason for this error is an incorrectly configured deployment package, specifically:
DUA 2.x requires an MST transform file to be deployed alongside the main MSI package when using GPO.
This process is documented in the DUA User Guide: Desktop Update Agent User Guide
To confirm the issue, try installing the MSI with the MST file manually using this command:
msiexec /I "<DUA_MSI_file>" TRANSFORMS="<DUA_MST_file>"
<DUA_MSI_file> and <DUA_MST_file> with the actual file names or full paths.