MAPI error 80040115 "Microsoft Exchange is not available" after reinstalling Outlook (4311857)

After reinstalling Outlook The Exchange Store Manager service and / or Dataloader service stopped archiving messages resp. attachments and ESM / DL log files show errors like the following

ERROR: Unable to determine which MAPI provider is installed: SHGetValue(HKLM,Software\Clients\Mail\ExchangeMAPI):
[0000002] The system cannot find the file specified.

When Debug logging level is enabled, you might see either of the following information:
DEBUG: SHGetValue(HKCU,Software\Clients\Mail,<Default>) returns 00000000
DEBUG: SHGetValue(HKLM,Software\Clients\Mail\ExchangeMAPI,DllPathEx) returns 00000002

Check the following settings in Registry and make sure all of the following (Default) values are set to the correct MAPI provider 

1.) settings in HKLM 
     HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Clients\Mail
     (Default)    REG_SZ   Microsoft Outlook

     HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Clients\Mail\Microsoft Outlook
     (Default)    REG_SZ   Microsoft Outlook
     (...)

2.) settings in HKCU (under users Archivemgr_ESM and Archivemgr_DL service accounts, or the service account under whom Exchange Store Manager service and Dataloader service are running):
     HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Clients\Mail
     (Default)    REG_SZ   Microsoft Outlook